Viscosity
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| Viscosity |
Viscosity
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What is Viscosity?
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Define Viscosity.
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Describe Viscosity.
- Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of which it offers resistance to the movement of one layer of fluid over an adjacent layer.
The expression for Viscosity.
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Derive the expression for Viscosity.
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What is the mathematical representation of Viscosity?
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Derive the formula for Viscosity.
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| Velocity Variation near a Solid Boundary |
- Let us consider two layers of fluid, at a distance dy apart, moving one over the other at different velocities.
- The viscosity together with relative velocity causes shear stress between fluid layers.
- The upper layer causes shear stress on the adjacent lower layer, while the lower layer causes shear stress on the adjacent upper layer.
- This shear stress is proportional to the rate of change of velocity with respect to y.
- Mathematically, τ ∝ du/dy
- τ = μ (du/dy)
- where μ is the constant of proportionality and is called the coefficient of viscosity or dynamic viscosity
- du/dy represents the rate of shear strain or rate of shear deformation or velocity gradient
- Now, μ = τ /(du/dy)
- Thus, the viscosity may also be defined as shear stress required to produce a unit rate of shear strain.
Units of Viscosity
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What are the units of Viscosity?
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Describe the units of Viscosity.
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Name a few units of Viscosity.
- Since, μ = τ /(du/dy)
N.(m^(-2))
- μ = ____________
m(s ^(-1))/m
- μ = N.s/m2 = Pa.s
- The SI unit of viscosity is N.s/m2.
- Its MKS unit is kgf-sec/m2.
- Its CGS unit is dyne-sec/cm2.
- For practical purposes, another unit poise is used after the name of a scientist, Poiseuille.
- 1 N/m2 = 10 poise = 1000 centipoise
Kinematic Viscosity
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What is Kinematic Viscosity?
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Define Kinematic Viscosity.
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Describe Kinematic Viscosity.
- The rate of dynamic viscosity(μ) to the mass density(ρ) of a fluid is called kinematic viscosity.
- Generally, it is denoted by ν.
- ν = μ/ρ
- The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s.
- Its CGS unit is cm2/s.
- Another unit of kinematic viscosity is stoke.
- 1 m2/s = 10000 stokes
Newton's Law of Viscosity
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What is Newton's Law of Viscosity?
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Define Newton's Law of Viscosity.
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Describe Newton's Law of Viscosity.
- Newton's Law of Viscosity states that the shear stress(τ) on a fluid element is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain.
- τ∝du/dy
- τ = μ(du/dy)
- where μ is called the coefficient of viscosity
- The fluids which obey this law are known as Newtonian fluids.
- The fluids which don't obey this law are known as Non-Newtonian fluids.
Variation of Viscosity with Temperature
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Explain Variation of Viscosity with Temperature.
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How does Viscosity vary with Temperature?
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Describe Variation of Viscosity with Temperature.
- Temperature affects viscosity.
- For liquids, viscosity decreases with the increase of temperature because, in liquids, the cohesive forces predominate the molecular momentum transfer(due to closely packed molecules) and when the temperature increases, viscosity decreases(due to decrease in cohesive forces).
- For gases, viscosity increases with the increase of temperature because, in liquids, the molecular momentum transfer predominates the cohesive forces(due to less closely packed molecules) and when the temperature increases, viscosity increases(due to increase in molecular momentum transfer).
*Self Typed
*Source- Books, Internet, Self-Analysis