Classification Of Bricks | Bricks | Construction Materials | By Ashutosh Nautiyal

Classification of bricks is done on various bases which are as follows:- On The Basis Of Field Practice First Class Bricks They are thoroughly burnt. They are of deep red, cherry or copper colour.

Classification Of Bricks 






Classification Of Bricks | Bricks | Construction Materials | By Ashutosh Nautiyal
Classification Of Bricks




Classification of bricks is done on various bases which are as follows:-



Based on Field Practice



First Class Bricks



  • They are thoroughly burnt.

  • They are of deep red, cherry or copper colour.

  • They should have a uniform texture.

  • They should be free from flaws, cracks and stones.

  • Their surface should be smooth and rectangular.

  • They should have parallel, sharp and straight edges and square corners.

  • The fractured surface of the brick should not show lumps of lime.

  • When the scratch is made by a fingernail, no impression should be left on the brick.

  • When two first-class bricks are struck against each other, a metallic or ringing sound should be heard.

  • When immersed in cold water for 24 hours, water absorption should be 12-15 % of the brick's dry weight.

  • The crushing strength should not be less than 10 N/mm2. This limit varies with different Government organizations around the country.


  • Uses:- In pointing, exposed face work in masonry structures, flooring and reinforced brickwork.


Second Class Bricks



  • They are supposed to have the characteristics as that of first-class bricks(mentioned above)except for these three characteristics which are as follows:-

  • They can have small cracks and distortion.

  • They can have a higher water absorption of about 16-20% of the brick's dry weight.

  • Their crushing strength should not be less than 7 N/mm2.


  • Uses:- In all important or unimportant masonry works and centring of reinforced brick and reinforced cement concrete(RCC) structures.


Third Class Bricks



  • They are underburnt.

  • They are soft and light-coloured.

  • When two third-class bricks are struck against each other, a dull sound is heard.

  • They have water absorption of about 25 % of the brick's dry weight.


  • Uses:- In building temporary structures.


Fourth Class Bricks



  • They are overburnt.

  • They are badly distorted in shape and size.

  • They are brittle in nature.


  • Uses:- Their ballast is used in foundation and floors in lime concrete and road metal. 


Based on Use



Common Brick 



  • It is a general multi-purpose unit manufactured economically.

  • It is manufactured without special reference to the appearance.

  • These bricks may vary greatly in strength and durability.


  • Uses:- In filling, backing and in walls where appearance is of no importance.


Facing Brick



  • It has a good appearance either of colour or texture or both.

  • These bricks are durable under severe exposure.


  • Uses:- In fronts of building walls where appearance is of importance.


Engineering Brick



  • These bricks are strong, impermeable, smooth, table moulded and hard.

  • These bricks conform to defined limits of absorption and strength.


  • Uses:- In all load-bearing structures.


Based on Finish 


Sand-faced Brick



  • It has a textured surface manufactured by sprinkling sand on the inner surfaces of the mould.


Rustic Brick



  • It has a mechanically textured finish which varies in the pattern.


Based on Manufacture 



Hand-made



  • These bricks are hand moulded.


Machine-made



  • Machine-made bricks are further divided into three types of bricks:-

  • Wire-cut Bricks:- Bricks cut from clay extruded in a column and cut off into brick sizes by wires.

  • Pressed Bricks:- Bricks are manufactured from plastic or semi-dry clay and pressed into moulds.

  • Moulded Bricks:-Bricks are moulded by machines imitating hand mixing.


Based on Burning 



Pale Bricks 



  • These are underburnt bricks obtained from the outer portion of the kiln.


Body Bricks 



  • These are well-burnt bricks obtained from the central portion of the kiln.


Arch Bricks 



  • These are overburnt bricks obtained from the inner portion of the kiln.


Based on Types 



Solid 



  • These bricks can have small holes which don't exceed 25 % of the volume of the brick.

  • These bricks can have frogs which don't exceed 20 % of the volume of the brick.


Perforated



  • These bricks can have small holes which don't exceed 20 % of the volume of the brick.


Hollow



  • These bricks can have holes(which need not be small) which exceed 25 % of the volume of the brick.


Cellular



  • These bricks have holes(closed at one end) which exceed 20 % of the volume.


Based On Strength




  • The Bureau of Indian Standards has classified the bricks on the basis of compressive strength which is as follows:-

 


Classification Of Bricks | Bricks | Construction Materials | By Ashutosh Nautiyal
Image From Book By S.K. Duggal





Each class of bricks mentioned above is further divided into subclasses A and B based on tolerances and shape.





Classification Of Bricks | Bricks | Construction Materials | By Ashutosh Nautiyal
Image From Book By S.K. Duggal




  • Subclass-A bricks should have smooth rectangular faces with sharp corners and uniform colour.

  • Subclass-B bricks can have slightly distorted and round edges.









*Self Typed
*Source- Internet, Books and Self-Analysis



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About the Author

Mr. Ashutosh Nautiyal is a student who is pursuing his post-graduation (MBA in Infrastructure Development and Management) from SCMHRD, Pune. He has done his B.Tech in Civil Engineering from BTKIT, Dwarahat and his schooling from Omkarananda Saraswat…

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